Tag: metabolism

What Is Metabolism?

Metabolism includes a complex set of chemical processes that living organisms perform to maintain life. These processes support growth, reproduction, response to the environment, and the maintenance of an organism’s structure. We can broadly divide metabolism into two main types:

Anabolism (Building Phase)

Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones. This process requires energy input. Anabolic activities promote the growth and maintenance of body tissues, the creation of new molecules, and the storage of energy.

Catabolism (Breaking Down Phase)

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms, releasing energy. Catabolic processes extract energy from nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

How Metabolism Works

Metabolism involves numerous biochemical reactions that work together in a highly coordinated and regulated way. Enzymes, which act as catalysts, facilitate these reactions. Various factors influence an organism’s metabolic rate, including genetics, age, sex, body composition, and environmental conditions.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Basal Metabolic Rate represents the amount of energy an organism uses while at rest, in a neutral temperature environment, and in the post-absorptive state (after about 12 hours of fasting). BMR depends on age, gender, body composition, and genetics.

Factors Affecting Metabolism

  • Age: Metabolism slows down with age.

  • Body Composition: Muscle tissue consumes more energy than fat, so people with more muscle usually have a higher metabolism.

  • Gender: Men generally have higher metabolism than women due to more muscle mass.

  • Hormones: Thyroid hormones, insulin, and other hormones regulate metabolism.

  • Physical Activity: Regular exercise boosts metabolism during and after the activity.

Maintaining a Healthy Metabolism

Maintaining a healthy metabolism is essential for overall wellness. Proper nutrition, consistent physical activity, and sufficient rest support a balanced and efficient metabolic process. Metabolic disorders can disrupt these processes and lead to health problems.